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Medical disclaimer: always check with a physician before consuming wild plants, and make positive identification in the field using a good source such as Medicinal Plants of the Mountain West.  Michael Moore also has a glossary of medical terms in his books, and maps in later editions. ) 
This is Michael Moore on western Sages, with some overlap.
#158 (part 2)
Common Name: Black Sage, White Sage, Scarlet Sage, Purple Sage, Hummingbird Sage, Blue Sage, Texas Sage, Crimson Sage
Latin Name: Salvia apiana, S. Arizonica, S. azurea, S. carduacea, S. clevelandii, S. dorri, S. farinacea, S. greggi, S. lemmonii, S. leucophylla, S. mohavensis, S. spathacea, S. reflexa 
Family: Lamiaceae
Range: http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SALVI Main database
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SAAP2 California (Salvia apiana)
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SAAR8 Arizona and Texas. (Salvia arizonica)
 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SAAZ Most states east of the Mississippi River, except Virginia, W. Virginia, Maryland, Deleware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Hamshire and Maine; all states along the west bank of the Mississippi R. plus Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah.(Salvia azurea)
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SADO4 Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, California and Arizona. (Salvia dorrii)
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SAFA2 Connecticut, Ohio, Florida, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas and New Mexico. (Salvia farinacea)
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SAGR4 Texas (Salvia greggii)
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SALE5 Arizona and New Mexico. (Salvia lemmonii)
 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SALE3 California (Salvia leucophylla)
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SAMO3 California, Nevada and Arizona. (Salvia mohavensis)
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SASP3 California (Salvia spathacea)
http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch?mode=symbol&keywordquery=SARE3 Most states east of the Mississippi R., except, states north and east of New York, Kentucky, and South Carolina to Mississpippi; on the west bank of the Mississippi R., all states except Washington and Idaho; In Canada; British Columbia, Saskatchewan to Quebec. (Salvia reflexa)
Photos : (Click on Latin name after common name )
Warnings: None on part 2
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#158 (a)(repeat from part 1)
Common Name: White Sage, California White Sage (Salvia apiana)
Appearance and Habitat: A low, soft-stemmed, aromatic subshrub with long wands of whitish-lavender flowers. Silvery foliage occurs in 2 ft. mounds, subtending the 5 ft. flowering stalks. A woody shrub, with erect whitish branches. White Sage is a member of the mint family (family Lamiaceae), which includes aromatic herbs or shrubs (rarely trees or vines), usually with stems square in cross-section, four-sided.There are about 200 genera and 3,200 species, distributed nearly worldwide. The Mediterranean region, the chief area of diversity, produces many spices and flavorings, such as various mints, oregano, marjoram, thyme, sage, and basil. Catnip and lavender are in the mint family.
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=SAAP2
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#158 (j)
Common Name: Arizona Sage, Desert Indigo Sage (Salvia arizonica)
Appearance and Habitat: Arizona sage is a 1-2 ft. perennial with shiny, dark green leaves and clusters of tubular, indigo blue flowers. This salvia is browsed by deer at high elevations.
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=SAAR8
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#158 (k)
Common Name: Pitcher Sage, Big Blue Sage, Azure Sage (Salvia azurea)
Appearance and Habitat: A tall, delicate plant with large, 2 lipped, blue flowers, whorled around the square stem and forming a termimal spike-like cluster. A widespread perennial of the grasslands, it also extends east to the Carolinas. It begins to flower early and may continue until fall, or into early winter in Florida.
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=SAAZ
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#158 (l)
Common Name: Purple Sage, Gray Ball Sage, Desert Sage (Salvia dorrii)
Appearance and Habitat: A many-branched sub-shrub, 2-3 ft. tall and often broader than high, with numerous silvery-gray leaves and rigid, often spiny branches. Deep blue-violet flowers rise in long, showy, spike-like clusters above the silvery foliage. A broad bush with many rigid, spine-tipped branches, silvery leaves, and bright blue to blue-violet bilaterally symmetrical flowers. It is this sage, not sagebrush, that is referred to in Zane Greys classic Western, Riders of the Purple Sage. It is a handsome plant, pretty in leaf as well as in flower.
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=SADO4
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#158 (m)
Common Name: Mealy Blue Sage, Mealy Sage, Mealycup Sage (Salvia farinacea)
Appearance and Habitat: This 2 -3 ft. upright or sprawling perennial, usually forms a mound as wide as the plant is tall. Mealy sage is named for the mealy-white (sometimes purple) appearance of the sepals, which are covered with felted hairs. The blue flowers are 5-lobed and 2-lipped, 2/3–3/4 inch long, with 2 stamens and 1 pistil. They have the usual sage fragrance. The long, narrow leaves grow in clusters, out of which grow the flower stems. The leaves may or may not have teeth. Dark-blue to white, tubular flowers are densely congested in whorls along the upper stems, creating a 3-9 in. spike. Gray-green, lance-shaped leaves are numerous, especially in the lower portion of the plant.
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=SAFA2
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#158 (n)
Common Name: Autumn Sage, Cherry Sage (Salvia greggii)
Appearance and Habitat: Autumn sage is a soft, mounding shrub normally 2-3 ft. tall, with small, mintily aromatic green leaves that are evergreen in warmer climates. The flowers are borne on racemes from spring to frost and can be red, pink, purple, orange, or white. Its natural range is from south-central and west Texas south to San Luis Potosi in Mexico, mostly on rocky slopes. Its aromatic foliage quickens the senses and its flowers are sure to draw hummingbirds. The color of its blossoms in the wild is usually red but varies from area to area, with some regions dominated by red-blooming plants, others pink, others orange, others purple, and others white, plus many shades in between. The color range has been further enhanced by breeding, resulting in many cultivars over the years. It is disease and insect free and drought tolerant, and once established, should not be fertilized.
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=SAGR4
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#158 (o)
Common Name: Lemmon’s Sage (Salvia lemmonii)
Appearance and Habitat: An aromatic, leafy, branched plant, somewhat woody near base, with upward-angled, bilaterally symmetrical, deep pink to crimson flowers in raceme-like clusters at stem ends. This handsome plant has the long, tubular, reddish flowers typical of many plants visited by hummingbirds.
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=SALE5
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#158 (p)
Common Name: Hummingbird Sage, Pitcher Sage (Salvia spathacea)
Appearance and Habitat: This perennial spreads by rhizomes and bears upright stems with several pairs of broad, quilted, light-green, aromatic leaves. The flower spikes rise above the leaves to 2-3 ft. in height and bear large, tubular, magenta-colored flowers.
http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=SASP3
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Other Photos: For Sage covered by Michael Moore Salvia carduacea, Salvia clevelandii, Salvia mohavensis, Salvia leucophylla, Salvia reflexa
Appearance and Habitat: Being a member of the mint family there leaves are opposite and the stem is square. Sage (Salvia) can be mistaken for Wormwoods (Artemissia) because the common name for Wormwoods is Sage. But the Wormwoods are not the spice used in cooking. The leaves of the Salvia are rounder than Sagebrush and are usually not bitter like Sagebrush. The foliage is either silvery white, wrinkled gray-green, or shiny green. The flowers range from pink, red, blue, purple and white. Any Sage that is moderately smelly makes good medicine. Sage can be found from the ocean side to the borders of the Mohave desert, there are pure stands of mixed Sage’s in the foothills of California and Arizona. One of the better Sages for medicine in the southwest is Salvia lemmonii and Salvia greggii. Salvia greggi is found in the Texas mountains, it has thick leaves than are crinkled and heart shaped, bright but small reddish flower clusters and grows from a foot to a foot and a half in height. Salvia reflexa is a small annual with purple-jointed stems with a faint aroma. It has pale blue flowers. Although this Sage has a faint aroma it is one of the better medicine Sages of the Rocky Mountains. Salvia reflexa can be found in meadows, waste places, rural roadsides in the Four-Corners area at a middle altitude and ranges into Montana and the Great Basin areas as well.
Edible Uses: The seeds of all Sages found in the west are edible and nutritious. It is best to grind up the seed and use them in baked goods such as breads, muffins, hot cereals, and put them in corn-meal mush called ‘atole’.
Medicinal Uses : Sages are quite complex, taken as tea or tincture hot, they stimulate sweating, salivation and intestinal secretions, while drunk cold, the same tea will decrease the same effects, removing mucous from the sinuses, throat or lungs. It is one of the best remedies for decreasing lactation for both animals and humans. Just drink a cup before a meal. All Sages are anti – inflammatory and astringent as are several of the mint family (Self-Heal, Rosemary, Lemon Balm). It is also a good stomach tonic for ulcers and stomach inflammations, just take a cold cup of tea. It will also help with diarrhea that originates from the small intestine. The luke warm tea or tincture is very useful in treating sore throats, it can be used gargled and drunk slowly. The tincture is also effective for treating scratches, rashes, broken skin, or for sore gums. To make the tincture, use 1 part fresh plant to 2 parts 50% vodka (by weight); or for the dried plant at 1 part to 5 parts of 50% vodka. Take up to 30-60 drops at a time. For the tea, cold use 1 part dried herb to 32 parts water (by weight) moisten the herb, then place in it the water, leave at room temperature for 12 hours, remove the herb, squeezing the water from it, return the water to the same level; and it is ready. You can take 2 – 4 ounces as needed. For a hot tea, use 1 part plant to 32 parts water (by weight), place the herb in the water and slowly bring to a boil, let boil for 10 minutes, cool until warm, strain while pouring additional water through the herb to return the original level, and drink 2- 4 ounces as needed.
Medicinal Plants of the Mountain West 2nd Edition, by Michael Moore, pages 225-228, Publisher: Museum of New Mexico Press, Copyright 2003, ISBN 0-89013-454-5